Laboratory assessment of fly ash in compressive strength, abrasion-resistant and low-carbon concrete for slope erosion control

Abstract

Concrete is essential for landslide prevention and slope stabilization, requiring high durability and abrasion resistance. This study evaluates fly ash as a cement replacement to improve abrasion resistance, maintain M35 (35 MPa) strength, and reduce carbon emissions for sustainable construction. The methodology includes material characterization and testing of concrete properties such as compressive strength, abrasion resistance, and water permeability. Experimental results show that the 90-day compressive strength meets the M35 standard, ranging from 39.9 to 41.1 MPa. Water permeability resistance improves from 10 to 12 atm with fly ash addition. The lowest abrasion loss (4.6%) and minimal wear depth (0.5 cm) occur at 30% fly ash replacement after six test cycles (72 hours). Carbon emissions are reduced by 9.5% to 46.8%, depending on the replacement level. The study identifies the optimal mix as 30% fly ash replacement (F30P1.1), which achieves M35-grade concrete, the best abrasion resistance, and a significant 28.4% reduction in CO₂ emissions compared to concrete without fly ash. These findings have practical implications for the construction industry, particularly in the context of sustainable materials and environmental benefits.